Conservation of Leather and Related Materials

Cover; Title; Copyright; Contents; Foreword; Dedications; Acknowledgements; Contributors; 1 The nature and properties of leather; References; 2 Collagen: the leathermaking protein; 2.1 The collagen molecule; 2.2 Bonding within the molecule; 2.3 Bonding between molecules; 2.3.1 Salt links; 2.3.2 Covalent intermolecular bonding; 2.4 Fibril structure; 2.5 Shrinkage temperature; References; 3 The fibre structure of leather; 3.1 The structure of mammalian skins; 3.2 Variation of structure between animal types; 3.2.1 Mature cattle skins; 3.2.2 Calfskins; 3.2.3 Goatskins; 3.2.4 Sheepskins

3.2.5 Deerskins3.2.6 Pigskins; 3.3 Grain surface patterns; 3.4 Suede surfaces; 3.5 Variation in structure with location in the skin; 3.6 Directional run of the fibres; 3.7 The influence of fibre structure on leather properties, structure and tear strength; 3.8 Structure and leather handle; 3.9 Fibre weave and movement; References; 4 The chemistry of tanning materials; 4.1 Introduction; 4.2 Vegetable tanning; 4.3 Mineral tanning; 4.3.1 Chromium(III) salts; 4.3.2 Aluminium(III) salts; 4.3.3 Titanium(IV) salts; 4.3.4 Zirconium(IV) salts; 4.4 Oil tanning; 4.5 Aldehyde tanning

4.5.1 Formaldehyde tanning4.5.2 Glutaraldehyde tanning; 4.5.3 Oxazolidine tanning; 4.6 Syntans; 4.6.1 Auxiliary syntans; 4.6.2 Combination or retanning syntans; 4.6.3 Replacement syntans; 4.7 Overview; References; 5 The mechanisms of deterioration in leather; 5.1 Introduction; 5.2 Agents of deterioration; 5.2.1 Introduction; 5.2.2 Acid hydrolysis; 5.2.3 Oxidation; 5.2.4 Metals and salts; 5.2.5 Heat; 5.2.6 Water; 5.3 Collagen; 5.3.1 Bonds in collagen: sites of deterioration mechanisms; 5.3.2 Peptides; 5.3.3 Amino acids in collagen; 5.4 Vegetable tannins; 5.4.1 Introduction