Composición química de los aceites esenciales de Lavanda y Tomillo. Determinación de la actividad antifúngica ; Chemical composition of the essential oils of Lavanda and Tomillo. Determination of antifungal activity

[EN] Essential oils have shown antibacterial and antifungal properties in diverse studies. This paper explores the chemical composition of commercial essential oils of Lavandula angustifolia and Thymus zygis by Gas Chromatography (GC) and Gas Chromatography coupled with Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). Antifungal activity has been subsequently evaluated. Fungal contamination of agricultural products is a chronic problem and leads to the decrease of crops and food in both quantity and quality: only phytopathogenic fungi cause a loss of about 20% of the greatest economic importance crops and foods. This paper evaluates the antifungal ability of commercial essential oils of thyme (Thymus zygis) and lavender (Lavandula angustifolia) on phytopathogenic and post-harvest fungi Alternaria alternata (AA), Bipolaris spicifera (BS), Rhizoctonia solani (RS), Colletotrichum gloeosporoides (CG), Curvularia hawaiiensis (CH), Fusarium oxysporum lycopersici (FOL), Fusarium equiseti (FE), Fusarium graminearum (FG), Penicillium expansum (PE), Penicillium italicum (PI) that cause the deterioration of agricultural products and even some of them produce mycotoxins, in order to obtain a respectful and low-risk botanical biofungicide with the environment. `In vitro´ antifungal activity of essential oils was evaluated following the methodology of modified Singh et al., (2008). These bioassays were conducted at doses of 200 µg/mL and 300 µg/mL. The results were expected. Values such as the Miceliar Growth Inhibition (MGI) reflect the satisfactory result obtained. MGI for thyme was almost 100% for 300 µg/mL, and at 200 µg/mL, this value decreases although its percentage is still high. Lavender essential oil did not show any significant inhibition data. In this study it gets highlighted the great potential of thyme essential oil in fungi control and it is shown as a solid alternative to agrochemicals. TFGM ; [ES] Los aceites esenciales han mostrado en diversos trabajos propiedades antibacterianas y antifúngicas. En el presente trabajo se estudia ...