Composición química y actividad antifúngica de aceites esenciales de Artemisia herba-alba Asso, Artemisia absinthium L y Mentha longifolia L ; Chemical composition and antifungal activity of essential oils of Artemisia herba-alba Asso, Artemisia absinthium L and Mentha longifolia L

[EN] In this research study, the antifungal potential power of the essential oils of Artemisia absinthium, Artemisia herba-alba and Mentha longifolia is analysed on the phytopathogenic and post-harvest fungus Alternaria alternata, Botryotinia fuckeliana, Curvularia hawaiiensis, Epicoccum nigrum, Fusarium oxysporum lycopersici, Fusarium nygamai, Rhizoctonia solani and Verticillium dahliae, in order to obtain an environmentally-friendly and low-risk botanical biofungicide. The essential oils were obtained by hydrodistillation of cultivated plants coming from the experimental fields in UPV (Artemisia absinthium L. and Mentha longifolia L., whose composition were known) and a wild population of A. herba-alba. For this last one, the chemical variability of population was studied from individual samples which were processed by simultaneous distillation-extraction (Likens-Nickerson equipment). The chemical analysis was performed by gas chromatography, showing clearly qualitative homogeneity regarding its composition. The "in vitro" antifungal activity of essential oils was assessed following a modified methodology based on the one designed by Singh et al., (2008). The bioassays were performed with a dose of 300 μg / mL. Satisfactory results were obtained from the oil of mint (M. longifolia) showed satisfactory results. In fact, it shows values of inhibition of mycelial growth (MGI) between 40 and 75% in almost all the tested fungus. Likewise, A. absinthium was effective against B. fuckeliana, C. hawaiiensis and R. solani with MGI values of 50%, being it a high value. The essential oil of A. herba-alba presented 30% inhibition of mycelial growth against C. hawaiiensis, being lower in the remaining fungus tested. This study reveals the great potential of the essential oil of Mentha longifolia for the fungus control, showing it as a solid alternative to agrochemicals. TFGM ; [ES] En este trabajo se evalúa la capacidad antifúngica de los aceites esenciales de A. absinthium, A. herba-alba y M. longifolia sobre los hongos ...