The monotypic genus Turczaninowia DC. (Asteraceae = Compositae) was separated by Augustin De Candolle (DC.) from the genus Aster in 1836. The eastern Asian species Turczaninowia fastigiata (Fisch.) DC. (= Aster fastigiatus Fisch.) grows in eastern Siberia (Dauria), southern Russian Far East (Primorsky Krai, south of Khabarovsk Krai, southeast of Amur Region), Mongolia, northeastern China, Korea, and Japan. It is a biennial plant that inhabits grassy valley meadows and gentle mountain slopes and flowers from July to September [[
Flavonoids were observed previously in the aerial part of T. fastigiata [[
Raw material for the study was collected during flowering on Aug. 10, 2016, in the vicinity of Turii Rog, Khankaiskii District, Primorsky Krai (Russia), in a grassy dry meadow. Specimens of the plants are preserved in the herbarium of the Chemotaxonomy Laboratory, PIBOCh, FEB, RAS (Vladivostok) under herbarium code T. fastigiata 103606.
Essential oil was obtained from the aerial part of air-dried raw material by steam distillation in a Clevenger apparatus for 2 h using hexane as a trap [[
Table 1 shows that the main components of T. fastigiata essential oil were β-pinene (7.3%), trans-nerolidol (4.0%), α-calacorene (3.1%), spathulenol and perhydrofarnesyl acetone (2.2% each), and hexanal and α-humulene epoxide II (2.0% each).
Constituent Composition of Essential Oil from T. fastigiata
Constituent RI calcd % Constituent RI calcd % Hexanal 782 2.0 Citral 1203 0.1 Octane 798 0.1 Carvacrol methyl ether 1205 0.1 2-Hexenal 819 0.3 Perillic aldehyde 1227 0.1 2-Heptanone 864 0.1 Phellandral 1230 0.3 3-(2-Propenyl)cyclohexene 873 0.1 5-Isopropenyl-2-methylcyclopent-1-ene carboxaldehyde 1239 0.1 Heptanal 875 0.2 Nonane 901 0.2 Nonanoic acid 1260 0.2 Tricyclene 913 0.1 Dihydroedulan 1263 0.1 α-Thujene 918 0.2 trans-Sabinyl acetate 1265 1.0 Benzaldehyde 922 0.1 α-Cubebene 1336 0.2 α-Pinene 923 1.7 cis-Geranyl acetate 1342 0.5 Camphene 933 1.8 1-(2,6,6-Trimethyl-1,3-cyclohexadien-1-yl)-2-buten-1-one 1351 0.1 Thuja-2,4(10)-diene 937 0.1 Sabinene 957 1.1 cis-Jasmone 1355 0.2 β-Pinene 959 7.3 Modhephene 1358 1.4 2,3-Dehydro-1,8-cineol 971 0.4 β-Bourbonene 1364 0.2 2-Pentylfuran 974 0.6 β-Elemene 1374 0.6 Octanal 976 0.2 Caryophyllene 1395 0.1 α-Myrcene 979 1.7 β-Copaene 1406 0.4 trans-2-(2-Pentenyl)furan 982 0.1 α-Bergamotene 1419 0.1 α-Phellandrene 989 0.3 Dihydropseudoionone 1422 0.4 α-Terpinene 1002 0.4 Humulene 1426 0.8 o-Cymol 1005 0.6 Unident. 2 1431 0.3 β-Phellandrene 1011 0.6 Eudesm-1,4(15),11-triene 1436 0.1 Limonene 1014 1.9 trans-β-Farnesene 1440 0.5 trans-β-Ocimene 1025 0.1 Unident. 3 1442 0.4 Unident. 1 1028 0.3 1,2,9,10-Tetrahydroaristolane 1444 0.4 α-Ocimene 1035 0.3 β-Guaiene 1447 0.2 γ-Terpinene 1042 0.6 γ-Muurolene 1449 0.4 cis-Linalool oxide 1051 0.2 β-Selinene 1454 0.7 1-Methyl-3-(1-methylethenyl)benzene 1066 0.1 2,6,10-Trimethyltridecane 1460 0.7 Terpinolene 1072 0.2 γ-Gurjunene 1464 0.3 6-Methyl-3,5-heptadien-2-one 1073 0.1 α-Muurolene 1471 0.6 Nonanal 1080 0.5 cis,trans-α-Farnesene 1473 0.4 Linalool 1082 1.8 (Z)-α-Bisabolene 1478 0.1 Perillene 1083 0.8 β-Bisabolene 1484 0.5 β-Thujene 1087 0.1 β-Vatirenene 1485 1.0 α-Campholenal 1095 0.3 δ-Cadinene 1491 0.8 trans-Chrysanthenol 1106 0.9 α-Calacorene 1499 3.1 trans-Pinocarveol 1110 0.9 β-Cadinene 1504 0.2 trans-Sabinol 1114 1.0 Elemol 1509 0.2 cis-Verbenol 1118 0.1 α-Copaen-11-ol 1514 0.3 Pinocarvone 1124 0.6 Germacrene B 1517 0.3 (E)-2-Nonenal 1129 0.1 β-Calacorene 1519 0.3 p-Mentha-1,5-dien-8-ol 1135 0.2 1,5-Epoxysalvial-4(14)-ene 1522 1.1 Cryptone 1140 0.6 Palustrol 1528 0.5 Terpinen-4-ol 1148 0.6 Spathulenol 1533 2.2 Benichanal 1152 0.8 trans-Nerolidol 1536 4.0 1,3,5,8-Unidecatriene 1155 0.1 Caryophyllene oxide 1542 0.2 α-Terpineol 1159 0.4 trans-Z-α-Bisabolene epoxide 1544 0.2 Myrtenol 1165 0.4 Mintketone 1548 0.6 Decanal 1178 0.8 Globulol 1551 0.1 β-Cyclocitral 1180 0.1 Isoaromadendrene epoxide 1554 0.8 Cuminal 1194 0.6 (2E)-2-Methyl-4-(2,6,6-trimethyl-1-cyclohexen-1-yl)-2-butenal 1560 0.3 Carvone 1198 0.2 α-Humulene epoxide II 1565 2.0 Calarene epoxide 1665 0.2 2,2,4-Trimethyl-1,3-pentanediol diisobutanoate 1570 0.6 Unident. 5 1684 0.3 Unident. 4 1573 0.4 Benzyl benzoate 1709 0.2 γ-Eudesmol 1580 0.2 Tetradecanoic acid 1755 0.1 α-Corocalene 1584 0.4 2-Octylbenzoate 1762 0.2 Patchoulane 1588 0.2 n-Octyl benzoate 1782 0.1 Caryophylladienol II 1593 1.2 Unident. 6 1808 0.3 Cedran-8-ol 1599 0.4 Octadecane 1811 0.1 Hexadecane 1602 0.2 Unident. 7 1816 0.2 τ-Cadinol 1607 0.2 Diisobutylphthalate 1824 0.8 β-Eudesmol 1609 0.2 Perhydrofarnesyl acetone 1836 2.2 Tetradecanolide 1613 0.8 Neophytadiene 1844 0.2 epi-γ-Eudesmol 1616 0.3 Farnesyl acetone 1892 0.1 τ-Muurolol 1618 0.4 Dibutylphthalate 1912 0.1 α-Santalol 1624 0.3 Hydrofol 1950 1.5 Longifolene aldehyde 1633 0.2 Tetracosane 2401 0.1 Cadalene 1636 0.9 Pentacosane 2514 0.4 Aromadendrene oxide-(2) 1641 0.1 Hexacosane 2601 0.1 ent-Germact-4(15),5,10(14)-trien-1β-ol 1648 0.7 Heptacosane 2696 0.3 (1R,7S,E)-7-Isopropyl-4,10-dimethylene-cyclodec-5-enol 1651 0.1 Squalene 2810 0.2 Hentriacontane 3091 0.2 α-Bisabolol 1656 0.3 Total 82.8
The cytotoxic activity of T. fastigiata essential oil was determined using the brine shrimp (Artemia salina) lethality test [[
The antiradical activity of the essential oils was determined as before [[
Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 3, May-June, 2018, pp. 507-508.
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By E. M. Suleimen; Zh. B. Iskakova; R. V. Dudkin and P. G. Gorovoi