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Background: Due to its prevalence, recurrence, and the emergence of drug-resistance, Candida vaginitis significantly impacts the well-being of women. Although cinnamon essential oil (CEO) possesses antifungal activity, its hydrophobic properties limit its clinical application.

Purpose: To overcome this challenge, a nanoemulsification technology was employed to prepare cinnamon essential oil-nanoemulsion (CEO@NE), and its therapeutic efficacy and action mechanism for Candida vaginitis was investigated in vivo and in vitro.

Materials and Methods: CEO@NE, composed of 4% CEO, 78% distilled water, and 18% Tween 80, was prepared by ultrasonic nanoemulsification. The physical properties, anti- Candida activity, cytotoxicity, immunomodulatory potential and storage stability of CEO@NE were explored. Subsequently, the effect of intravaginal CEO@NE treatment on Candida vaginitis was investigated in mice. To comprehend the possible mechanism of CEO@NE, an analysis was conducted to ascertain the production of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) in C. albicans .

Results: CEO@NE, with the droplet size less than 100 nm and robust storage stability for up to 8 weeks, exhibited comparable anti- Candida activity with CEO. CEO@NE at the concentration lower than 400 μg/mL had no cytotoxic and immunomodulatory effects on murine splenocytes. Intravaginal treatment of CEO@NE (400 μg/mL, 20 μL/day/mouse for 5 consecutive days) curbed Candida colonization, ameliorated histopathological changes, and suppressed inflammatory cytokine production in mice intravaginally challenged with C. albicans . Notably, this treatment preserved the density of vaginal lactic acid bacteria (LAB) crucial for vaginal health. Co-culturing C. albicans with CEO@NE revealed concentration-dependent augmentation of intracellular ROS generation and ensuing cell death. In addition, co-culturing LPS-stimulated murine splenocytes with CEO@NE yielded a decrease in the generation of cytokines.

Conclusion: This discovery provides insight into the conceivable antifungal and anti-inflammatory mechanisms of CEO@NE to tackle Candida vaginitis. CEO@NE offers a promising avenue to address the limitations of current treatments, providing novel strategy for treating Candida vaginitis.

Competing Interests: The authors report no conflicts of interest in this work.

Titel:	Enhancing Therapeutic Efficacy of Cinnamon Essential Oil by Nanoemulsification for Intravaginal Treatment of Candida Vaginitis.
Autor/in / Beteiligte Person:	Lin, YT ; Tsai, WC ; Lu, HY ; Fang, SY ; Chan, HW ; Huang, CH
Zeitschrift:	International journal of nanomedicine, Jg. 19 (2024-05-28), S. 4941-4956
Veröffentlichung:	Auckland : DOVE Medical Press,, 2024
Medientyp:	academicJournal
ISSN:	1178-2013 (electronic)
DOI:	10.2147/IJN.S458593
Schlagwort:	Female Animals Mice Administration, Intravaginal Reactive Oxygen Species metabolism Humans Nanoparticles chemistry Mice, Inbred BALB C Oils, Volatile chemistry Oils, Volatile pharmacology Oils, Volatile administration & dosage Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal drug therapy Candida albicans drug effects Antifungal Agents pharmacology Antifungal Agents chemistry Antifungal Agents administration & dosage Cinnamomum zeylanicum chemistry Emulsions chemistry
Sonstiges:	Nachgewiesen in: MEDLINE Sprachen: English Publication Type: Journal Article Language: English [Int J Nanomedicine] 2024 May 28; Vol. 19, pp. 4941-4956. <i>Date of Electronic Publication: </i>2024 May 28 (<i>Print Publication: </i>2024). MeSH Terms: Oils, Volatile* / chemistry ; Oils, Volatile* / pharmacology ; Oils, Volatile* / administration & dosage ; Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal* / drug therapy ; Candida albicans* / drug effects ; Antifungal Agents* / pharmacology ; Antifungal Agents* / chemistry ; Antifungal Agents* / administration & dosage ; Cinnamomum zeylanicum* / chemistry ; Emulsions* / chemistry ; Female ; Animals ; Mice ; Administration, Intravaginal ; Reactive Oxygen Species / metabolism ; Humans ; Nanoparticles / chemistry ; Mice, Inbred BALB C References: J Adv Pharm Technol Res. 2019 Apr-Jun;10(2):63-67. (PMID: 31041184) ; Iran J Basic Med Sci. 2021 Jun;24(6):787-795. (PMID: 34630956) ; Antimicrob Resist Infect Control. 2019 May 29;8:89. (PMID: 31161036) ; Antibiotics (Basel). 2021 Jan 15;10(1):. (PMID: 33467766) ; Pestic Biochem Physiol. 2020 Sep;168:104644. (PMID: 32711777) ; Nat Rev Immunol. 2015 Oct;15(10):630-42. (PMID: 26388329) ; Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2023 Feb 03;13:1123026. (PMID: 36816582) ; J Immunother Cancer. 2020 Oct;8(2):. (PMID: 33037116) ; J Food Sci. 2021 Jun;86(6):2225-2241. (PMID: 34091909) ; Biomed Pharmacother. 2023 Nov;167:115506. (PMID: 37716120) ; Ultrason Sonochem. 2020 Jan;60:104604. (PMID: 31539730) ; J Nanosci Nanotechnol. 2013 Jan;13(1):114-22. (PMID: 23646705) ; Microb Cell Fact. 2020 Nov 7;19(1):203. (PMID: 33160356) ; Front Microbiol. 2020 Jun 05;11:1117. (PMID: 32582081) ; Int J Nanomedicine. 2018 Jan 31;13:669-680. (PMID: 29440893) ; Soft Matter. 2016 Mar 21;12(11):2826-41. (PMID: 26924445) ; Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces. 2017 Jul 1;155:276-286. (PMID: 28437753) ; Pharm Biol. 2010 Oct;48(10):1130-6. (PMID: 20815702) ; Food Chem. 2015 Dec 15;189:67-73. (PMID: 26190602) ; N Engl J Med. 2020 Dec 3;383(23):2255-2273. (PMID: 33264547) ; Nutr Res. 2012 Jun;32(6):408-12. (PMID: 22749176) ; Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2017 May 15;114:116-131. (PMID: 28438674) ; Clin Infect Dis. 2016 Feb 15;62(4):e1-50. (PMID: 26679628) ; Allergy Asthma Clin Immunol. 2018 Sep 12;14(Suppl 2):49. (PMID: 30263032) ; Biomed Pharmacother. 2021 Sep;141:111799. (PMID: 34098215) ; J Mycol Med. 2021 Jun;31(2):101118. (PMID: 33548912) ; Molecules. 2021 Dec 06;26(23):. (PMID: 34885991) ; J Oral Microbiol. 2020 Sep 14;12(1):1820292. (PMID: 33062200) ; BMJ. 2020 May 20;369:m1494. (PMID: 32434758) ; Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 2019 Nov;103(21-22):9037-9055. (PMID: 31659418) ; J Fungi (Basel). 2018 Feb 08;4(1):. (PMID: 29419738) ; PLoS One. 2013 Nov 06;8(11):e80074. (PMID: 24223212) ; Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2022 Jul 08;12:930624. (PMID: 35899044) ; mBio. 2020 Jan 14;11(1):. (PMID: 31937647) ; Front Microbiol. 2019 May 08;10:1033. (PMID: 31139166) Contributed Indexing: Keywords: Candida vaginitis; anti-inflammation; cinnamon essential oil; nanoemulsion; reactive oxygen species Substance Nomenclature: 0 (Oils, Volatile) ; 0 (Antifungal Agents) ; 0 (Emulsions) ; 0 (Reactive Oxygen Species) Entry Date(s): Date Created: 20240603 Date Completed: 20240603 Latest Revision: 20240604 Update Code: 20240604 PubMed Central ID: PMC11144005

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Enhancing Therapeutic Efficacy of Cinnamon Essential Oil by Nanoemulsification for Intravaginal Treatment of Candida Vaginitis.