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Background: Although essential trace elements (ETEs) play pivotal roles in life-supporting biochemical processes, their function in innate and adaptive immunity has not been fully elucidated, particularly during immunization. Furthermore, the association between anti-SARS-CoV-2 specific IgG antibodies and ETE levels with vaccine responsiveness has not been investigated.

Methods: The present study explored the status of ETEs (Mn, Cu, Zn, and Se) in sera of healthy women before and after vaccination with the anti-SARS-CoV-2 BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine in a follow-up period of six months. The main aim was to explore links between ETE levels and IgG antibodies produced against Spike glycoprotein's Receptor-Binding Domain (RBD).

Results: A recombinant protein of SARS-CoV-2 comprising the receptor binding domain was successfully expressed in HEK-293 T cells. The purified protein was suitable for producing a sensitive antibody detection assay for human serum and monitored seropositivity, indicating a transient response with peak anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG levels 2 months after vaccination. In parallel to increasing antibody titers, serum concentrations of Cu, Mn, and Se were not affected by vaccination, and concentrations remained relatively constant at the different sampling times during the 6-month observation period. Total serum Zn concentrations were slightly elevated when compared between the first and last sampling dates. Overall, no consistent effects of vaccination on any of the three trace elements analyzed in our study were observed.

Conclusion: Vaccination of adult healthy female volunteers with an mRNA vaccine was not associated with consistent changes in serum trace element concentrations over a six-month observation period.

Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

Titel:	A six-month study of anti-SARS-CoV-2 BNT162b2 mRNA vaccination: A comparative analysis of essential trace elements and anti-RBD IgG sera levels.
Autor/in / Beteiligte Person:	Nešić, A ; Stojsavljević, A ; Jagodić, J ; Čavić, M ; Stefanović, A ; Manojlović, D ; Gavrović-Jankulović, M
Zeitschrift:	Journal of trace elements in medicine and biology : organ of the Society for Minerals and Trace Elements (GMS), Jg. 74 (2022-12-01), S. 127079
Veröffentlichung:	Stuttgart : Gustav Fisher ; <i>Original Publication</i>: Stuttgart ; New York : Gustav Fischer, c1995-, 2022
Medientyp:	academicJournal
ISSN:	1878-3252 (electronic)
DOI:	10.1016/j.jtemb.2022.127079
Schlagwort:	Adult Antibodies, Viral BNT162 Vaccine Female Glycoproteins HEK293 Cells Humans Immunoglobulin G RNA, Messenger genetics SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination COVID-19 prevention & control Trace Elements
Sonstiges:	Nachgewiesen in: MEDLINE Sprachen: English Publication Type: Journal Article Language: English [J Trace Elem Med Biol] 2022 Dec; Vol. 74, pp. 127079. <i>Date of Electronic Publication: </i>2022 Sep 15. MeSH Terms: COVID-19* / prevention & control ; Trace Elements* ; Adult ; Antibodies, Viral ; BNT162 Vaccine ; Female ; Glycoproteins ; HEK293 Cells ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin G ; RNA, Messenger / genetics ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Vaccination References: Sci Rep. 2021 Aug 16;11(1):16543. (PMID: 34400714) ; Vaccine. 2021 Jan 3;39(1):59-67. (PMID: 33121844) ; Int J Infect Dis. 2021 Sep;110:229-231. (PMID: 34216738) ; Nutrients. 2020 May 19;12(5):. (PMID: 32438620) ; FASEB J. 2021 Mar;35(3):e21392. (PMID: 33577131) ; J Immunol Methods. 2021 Mar;490:112958. (PMID: 33412174) ; Vet Microbiol. 2012 Dec 7;160(3-4):468-72. (PMID: 22818659) ; Nutrients. 2019 Sep 04;11(9):. (PMID: 31487871) ; Biol Trace Elem Res. 2021 Feb;199(2):550-558. (PMID: 32458149) ; Am J Clin Pathol. 2005 Jan;123(1):125-31. (PMID: 15762288) ; Am J Clin Nutr. 2004 Jun;79(6):1037-44. (PMID: 15159234) ; Poult Sci. 2019 Sep 1;98(9):3548-3556. (PMID: 31220864) ; Biol Trace Elem Res. 2021 Jul;199(7):2475-2481. (PMID: 32901413) ; Rheumatol Int. 2022 Mar;42(3):449-456. (PMID: 35059799) ; Lancet Microbe. 2022 May;3(5):e348-e356. (PMID: 35345417) ; Ann Pharmacother. 2020 Aug;54(8):820-826. (PMID: 32396382) ; Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2021 Sep;28(34):47439-47446. (PMID: 33893588) ; Mol Aspects Med. 2005 Aug-Oct;26(4-5):268-98. (PMID: 16112185) ; Nutrients. 2020 Aug 07;12(8):. (PMID: 32784601) ; Biol Trace Elem Res. 2011 Dec;143(3):1325-36. (PMID: 21318622) ; Tohoku J Exp Med. 2020;251(3):175-181. (PMID: 32641644) ; Int J Mol Sci. 2021 May 07;22(9):. (PMID: 34066920) ; Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2018 Apr 5;2018:7580707. (PMID: 29849912) ; Am J Clin Nutr. 2004 Jul;80(1):154-62. (PMID: 15213043) ; Redox Biol. 2022 Apr;50:102242. (PMID: 35139480) ; Nature. 2020 Dec;588(7839):682-687. (PMID: 33045718) ; Beni Suef Univ J Basic Appl Sci. 2021;10(1):33. (PMID: 34026905) ; Allergy. 2022 Jan;77(1):230-242. (PMID: 34453317) ; Nutrients. 2020 May 27;12(6):. (PMID: 32471251) ; Int Immunopharmacol. 2021 Nov;100:108163. (PMID: 34583122) ; Diagnostics (Basel). 2021 Sep 30;11(10):. (PMID: 34679506) ; Nature. 2020 May;581(7807):215-220. (PMID: 32225176) ; N Engl J Med. 2020 Dec 31;383(27):2603-2615. (PMID: 33301246) ; Viruses. 2022 Feb 28;14(3):. (PMID: 35336907) ; J Med Virol. 2020 May;92(5):479-490. (PMID: 32052466) ; Nat Med. 2021 Dec;27(12):2136-2143. (PMID: 34728831) ; Indian J Clin Biochem. 2021 Oct;36(4):416-426. (PMID: 33613002) ; Comput Struct Biotechnol J. 2021;19:1371-1378. (PMID: 33680350) ; BMC Infect Dis. 2021 Sep 3;21(1):899. (PMID: 34479494) Contributed Indexing: Keywords: (Post)vaccinal immunity; Cu; Essential trace elements; RBD; Zn; mRNA vaccine Substance Nomenclature: 0 (Antibodies, Viral) ; 0 (Glycoproteins) ; 0 (Immunoglobulin G) ; 0 (RNA, Messenger) ; 0 (Trace Elements) ; N38TVC63NU (BNT162 Vaccine) Entry Date(s): Date Created: 20220924 Date Completed: 20221011 Latest Revision: 20221221 Update Code: 20240513 PubMed Central ID: PMC9474410

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A six-month study of anti-SARS-CoV-2 BNT162b2 mRNA vaccination: A comparative analysis of essential trace elements and anti-RBD IgG sera levels.