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Microbial resistance is an important problem in modern healthcare systems. In addition to drug resistance, the side effects of current antibiotic applications are also known issues. In this present study, binary combinations of amoxicillin with European Pharmacopoeia quality lavender ( Lavandula angustifolia ) and fennel ( Foeniculum vulgare ) essential oils were evaluated against human pathogenic microbial strains. The checkerboard method was used to quantify the efficacy of the essential oils in combination with amoxicillin. As an initial result, remarkable in vitro antimicrobial activity was observed at relatively low amoxicillin concentrations using different oil combinations against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538, Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212, Bacillus cereus ATCC 14579, Escherichia coli NRRL B-3008, Salmonella typhi (clinical isolate), respectively. Fractional inhibitory concentrations were calculated and interpreted in terms of addition, synergy, antagonism, or indifferent. A synergistic interaction with the combination F. vulgare essential oil and amoxicillin (fractional inhibitory concentration index = 8.05 × 10 -4 ) was observed against the pathogens E. faecalis and Escherichia coli . Both essential oils together and in combination with amoxicillin showed a synergistic effect with possible future applications.

Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Titel:	Binary Synergistic Combinations of Lavender and Fennel Essential Oils with Amoxicillin.
Autor/in / Beteiligte Person:	Karadağ, AE ; Çaşkurlu, A ; Demirci, B ; Demirci, F
Zeitschrift:	Planta medica, Jg. 89 (2023-07-01), Heft 8, S. 800-807
Veröffentlichung:	Stuttgart ; New York : George Thieme ; <i>Original Publication</i>: Stuttgart, Hippokrates Verlag., 2023
Medientyp:	academicJournal
ISSN:	1439-0221 (electronic)
DOI:	10.1055/a-1891-1119
Schlagwort:	Humans Plant Oils pharmacology Amoxicillin pharmacology Anti-Bacterial Agents pharmacology Escherichia coli Microbial Sensitivity Tests Oils, Volatile pharmacology Lavandula Foeniculum
Sonstiges:	Nachgewiesen in: MEDLINE Sprachen: English Publication Type: Journal Article Language: English [Planta Med] 2023 Jul; Vol. 89 (8), pp. 800-807. <i>Date of Electronic Publication: </i>2022 Jul 04. MeSH Terms: Oils, Volatile* / pharmacology ; Lavandula* ; Foeniculum* ; Humans ; Plant Oils / pharmacology ; Amoxicillin / pharmacology ; Anti-Bacterial Agents / pharmacology ; Escherichia coli ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests Substance Nomenclature: 0 (Oils, Volatile) ; 0 (Plant Oils) ; 804826J2HU (Amoxicillin) ; 0 (Anti-Bacterial Agents) Entry Date(s): Date Created: 20220705 Date Completed: 20230707 Latest Revision: 20230718 Update Code: 20231215

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Binary Synergistic Combinations of Lavender and Fennel Essential Oils with Amoxicillin.