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Defective interfering particles (DIP) of equine herpesvirus 1 (EHV-1) inhibit standard virus replication and mediate persistent infection. The DIP genome is comprised of only three genes: UL3, UL4, and a hybrid gene composed of portions of the IR4 (EICP22) and UL5 (EICP27) genes. The hybrid gene is important for DIP interference, but the function(s) of the UL3 and UL4 genes are unknown. Here, we show that UL4 is an early gene activated solely by the immediate early protein. The UL4 protein (UL4P) was detected at 4hours post-infection, was localized throughout the nucleus and cytoplasm, and was not present in purified virions. EHV-1 lacking UL4P expression was infectious and displayed cell tropism and pathogenic properties in the mouse model similar to those of parental and revertant viruses. Reporter assays demonstrated that the UL4P has a broad inhibitory function, suggesting a potential role in establishing and/or maintaining DIP-mediated persistent infection.

Titel:	The UL4 protein of equine herpesvirus 1 is not essential for replication or pathogenesis and inhibits gene expression controlled by viral and heterologous promoters.
Autor/in / Beteiligte Person:	Charvat, RA ; Breitenbach, JE ; Ahn, B ; Zhang, Y ; O'Callaghan, DJ
Zeitschrift:	Virology, Jg. 412 (2011-04-10), Heft 2, S. 366-77
Veröffentlichung:	New York, Academic Press., 2011
Medientyp:	academicJournal
ISSN:	1096-0341 (electronic)
DOI:	10.1016/j.virol.2011.01.025
Schlagwort:	Animals Cell Line Cell Nucleus chemistry Chlorocebus aethiops Cytoplasm chemistry Humans Mice Promoter Regions, Genetic Rabbits Gene Expression Regulation Herpesvirus 1, Equid pathogenicity Herpesvirus 1, Equid physiology Host-Pathogen Interactions Viral Proteins metabolism Virus Replication
Sonstiges:	Nachgewiesen in: MEDLINE Sprachen: English Publication Type: Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural Language: English [Virology] 2011 Apr 10; Vol. 412 (2), pp. 366-77. <i>Date of Electronic Publication: </i>2011 Feb 15. MeSH Terms: Gene Expression Regulation* ; Host-Pathogen Interactions* ; Virus Replication* ; Herpesvirus 1, Equid / pathogenicity ; Herpesvirus 1, Equid / physiology ; Viral Proteins / *metabolism ; Animals ; Cell Line ; Cell Nucleus / chemistry ; Chlorocebus aethiops ; Cytoplasm / chemistry ; Humans ; Mice ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Rabbits References: J Virol. 1995 May;69(5):2786-93. (PMID: 7707500) ; J Gen Virol. 1998 Aug;79 ( Pt 8):1989-95. (PMID: 9714248) ; Virology. 1995 Mar 10;207(2):380-91. (PMID: 7886942) ; Prog Med Virol. 1976;22:152-210. (PMID: 790470) ; J Virol. 1984 Apr;50(1):13-21. (PMID: 6321784) ; Virology. 1986 Sep;153(2):188-200. (PMID: 3016989) ; Virology. 1987 May;158(1):79-87. (PMID: 3033896) ; Anal Biochem. 1987 Apr;162(1):156-9. (PMID: 2440339) ; J Virol. 1992 Feb;66(2):936-45. (PMID: 1309921) ; Virology. 1976 Feb;69(2):737-50. (PMID: 176793) ; J Virol. 1994 Aug;68(8):4898-909. (PMID: 8035488) ; J Virol. 2000 Feb;74(3):1200-8. (PMID: 10627530) ; Virology. 1994 Aug 1;202(2):760-70. (PMID: 8030239) ; J Virol. 1993 Apr;67(4):2255-65. (PMID: 8383240) ; Virology. 1997 Apr 14;230(2):369-75. (PMID: 9143293) ; Nature. 1970 Apr 25;226(5243):325-7. (PMID: 5439728) ; J Gen Virol. 1982 May;60(Pt 1):1-14. (PMID: 6178795) ; Virology. 1974 May;59(1):201-16. (PMID: 4826204) ; J Vet Med B Infect Dis Vet Public Health. 2002 Feb;49(1):31-6. (PMID: 11911590) ; J Virol. 1996 Jan;70(1):313-20. (PMID: 8523542) ; Virus Genes. 1993 Jun;7(2):171-86. (PMID: 8396283) ; Virology. 2009 Jan 20;383(2):188-94. (PMID: 19012943) ; J Virol. 2006 Mar;80(6):2609-20. (PMID: 16501071) ; Virus Res. 1996 Aug;43(2):111-24. (PMID: 8864201) ; Virus Genes. 2006 Jun;32(3):313-20. (PMID: 16732484) ; J Virol. 2005 Mar;79(5):3169-73. (PMID: 15709036) ; Cancer Res. 1963 Dec;23:1819-23. (PMID: 14082878) ; Virology. 1985 Aug;145(1):49-61. (PMID: 2990102) ; J Virol. 1995 Aug;69(8):4693-701. (PMID: 7609034) ; Virology. 2001 Jul 20;286(1):237-47. (PMID: 11448176) ; J Virol. 2000 Nov;74(21):10034-40. (PMID: 11024132) ; J Virol. 1991 Jul;65(7):3829-38. (PMID: 1645793) ; Virology. 2007 Jun 20;363(1):15-25. (PMID: 17306852) ; Virology. 1995 Jul 10;210(2):273-82. (PMID: 7618267) ; J Virol. 2004 Mar;78(6):3003-13. (PMID: 14990719) ; DNA Seq. 1992;3(3):143-52. (PMID: 1335300) ; Virology. 2010 Jul 5;402(2):327-37. (PMID: 20417949) ; Virology. 1994 Jan;198(1):385-9. (PMID: 8259676) ; Virus Genes. 2004 Aug;29(1):9-17. (PMID: 15215680) ; Prog Vet Microbiol Immunol. 1986;2:78-144. (PMID: 2856183) ; J Virol. 2006 May;80(10):5041-9. (PMID: 16641295) ; Nucleic Acids Res. 2005 Feb 24;33(4):e36. (PMID: 15731329) ; J Virol. 2007 Sep;81(17):9024-33. (PMID: 17581997) ; J Virol. 1997 Jul;71(7):4904-14. (PMID: 9188552) ; J Virol. 1992 Nov;66(11):6451-60. (PMID: 1383565) ; Vet Microbiol. 1996 Feb;48(3-4):353-65. (PMID: 9054131) ; Virology. 1989 Sep;172(1):223-36. (PMID: 2549711) ; Virus Res. 2002 Dec;90(1-2):287-301. (PMID: 12457983) ; Virology. 2008 Nov 10;381(1):98-105. (PMID: 18805562) ; Virology. 1993 Dec;197(2):788-92. (PMID: 8249301) ; Virology. 1995 Oct 20;213(1):258-62. (PMID: 7483272) ; Virology. 2004 Jul 1;324(2):311-26. (PMID: 15207618) ; J Gen Virol. 1991 Jan;72 ( Pt 1):131-41. (PMID: 1846642) ; Virology. 1989 Sep;172(1):1-10. (PMID: 2549705) ; Virus Res. 1999 Feb;59(2):149-64. (PMID: 10082387) ; J Virol. 2005 Apr;79(8):5105-15. (PMID: 15795295) ; J Virol. 1997 Feb;71(2):1004-12. (PMID: 8995619) ; Cell. 1981 Jul;25(1):227-32. (PMID: 6268303) ; Virology. 1999 Apr 10;256(2):173-9. (PMID: 10191181) ; J Virol. 2001 Nov;75(21):10219-30. (PMID: 11581390) ; Arch Virol. 2000;145(11):2371-85. (PMID: 11205124) ; Virology. 1996 Mar 15;217(2):442-51. (PMID: 8610435) Grant Information: R01 AI022001 United States AI NIAID NIH HHS; P20 RR018724-08 United States RR NCRR NIH HHS; P20 RR018724 United States RR NCRR NIH HHS; R01 AI022001-22 United States AI NIAID NIH HHS; AI-22001 United States AI NIAID NIH HHS; P20-RR018724 United States RR NCRR NIH HHS Substance Nomenclature: 0 (Viral Proteins) ; 146313-92-0 (UL4 protein, Equine herpesvirus 1) Entry Date(s): Date Created: 20110218 Date Completed: 20110518 Latest Revision: 20240320 Update Code: 20240320 PubMed Central ID: PMC3060994

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The UL4 protein of equine herpesvirus 1 is not essential for replication or pathogenesis and inhibits gene expression controlled by viral and heterologous promoters.